Diabetes insipidus is a condition wherein kidneys are unable to conserve water. It is either due to deficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) {neurogenic or central diabetes insipidus} or inadequate responsiveness to ADH {nephrogenic diabetes insipidus}(6)(8)

       B.    Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a chronically elevated blood glucose concentrations (hyperglycaemia) often accompanied by other clinical and biochemical abnormalities.

Diabetes mellitus is further classified into -

I.      Primary diabetes mellitus

     1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus

    It is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It is characterized by selective B-cell destruction and severe or absolute insulin deficiency.

It is further subdivided into immune form and idiopathic form. ⁽⁵⁾(6)(7)

     2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

It is also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is characterized by tissue resistance to the action of insulin combined with a relative deficiency in insulin secretion. ⁽⁵⁾ (6)(7)

II.      Secondary diabetes mellitus

It refers to multiple other specific causes of elevated blood glucose such as-drug therapy, endocrine disorders, inherited disorders, etc. (6)(7) 

IV.      Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus

The World Health Organization has recognized malnutrition related diabetes with two subtypes:

-Fibrocalcaneous pancreatic diabetes

-Protein-deficient pancreatic diabetes ⁽⁷⁾